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The Relationship Between Winning and Losing in Silat 28th Sea Games Singapore ( Thailand Men`s team class A,B,C and D)

Shapie, M. N. M (1,2) & Mohd kamil, M. I. H. (1) 


1.Fakulti Sains Sukan dan Rekreasi, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor. 



Abstract:
 From the beginning, the objective of this study is to compare the differences between winner and loser in kick specifically to kick hit target which are one of indicator in silat olahraga. The methods used are by download the match video from the youtube. These matches consist of final and semifinal match that include the performers from many range of weight categories. These videos will be notating by using the hand notational (frequency). The indicators that being used are punch, kick, topple, sweep, and block. All the indicators will be notated based on hit on target, hit elsewhere and missing opponents.
Next, the statistical analysis that are used in this match are Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Matched Sample T-test. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test is a non-parametric statistical hypothesis test used when comparing two related samples, matched samples, or repeated measurements on a single sample to assess whether their populations mean ranks differ. Matched sample t-test is a statistical technique that is used to compare two population means in the case of two samples that are correlated.  Matched sample t-test is used in ‘before-after’ studies, or when the samples are the matched pairs, or when it is a case-control study.

Introduction:

Silat Melayu is a martial art that's inherited by Malay's in Malaysia written by Shapie (2010). It is initially from the big empire such as Kedah Tua and Melacca. However, in this modern era the word Silat Melayu is common with a silat competition that's held every year in Malaysia.  Silat Melayu competition is similar with Silat Olahraga scoring system. The differences are on the scoring marks and the artistic performance scores. However, most of the principles of the game emphasize more on silat skills. Any hard strikes will results on deduction of points.
Many people thought that this silat sport requires a fighter with 'born to be a fighter' quality in order to win a silat match. In one point it is true. However, it is not always right. This is because silat olahraga is a point-based system sport that not only requires you to be good a fighter, but also needs the pesilat to master the fighting tactics during the match. Many so called 'born to be a fighter' exponents fail in early silat competition due to the stupidity to read a game. They tend to use all the self-defense moves and skills to show how good they are in silat. But, the true is, silat olahraga is a very simple and easy sport. The pesilat only need to master three simple techniques to win a game such as punching, kicking and topple down (Shapie, 2010).
In this study, the hit motion will be analyzed specifically to the hit target, hit elsewhere and hit missing opponent. According to Shapie(2010) stated that the scientific research shows that even though the percentage of successful punching technique is higher than kicking technique, the point scores for every successful kick is two points.

 So, the combination of successful blocking and kicking technique will reward the pesilat 'one plus two point' or three points. This is important if the pesilat only depends on kicking technique. The pesilat need to combine both of the defensive and attacking techniques to win a silat game.
Shapie, Oliver,O’Donoghue and Tong  (2013) defined kick is an attacking movement which is performed with one leg or two legs simultaneously. A kick can be aimed at any target. It can be front kick ‘ tending depan’, side-kick ‘depak’ or semi-circular side kick ‘tendang lengkar’.

Materials and Methods:
The 4 videos of silat olahraga matches were downloaded from the youtube. These matches consists of semifinal and final that include the pesilat from Thailand which different range of weight categories. There are many indicators that can be identified such as punch, kick, topple, sweep, and block. It will be notated based on hit on target, hit elsewhere and missing opponents. The video media player was used to play the video due to the ability of this player to decrease rate of video time in order to notate the indicator more accurately. Shapie, Oliver, O'Donoghue and Tong (2013) stated that sometimes, if necessary, the video will be repeated to get the accurate analyze.Then, all the raw data generated by SPSS for more detailed analysis. Statistical analysis was conducted using Statistical Package for Social Scientists, version 21.0 (SPSS,Chicago, IL).

The indicators: Silat indicators were divided into 4 different types of categories and were define as follows:
Punching
The punch is attack is done by hand with a closed fist hitting the target (Shapie, Oliver, O'Donoghue, & Tong, 2009). There are two type of punch in the silat, which is straight punch and uppercut punch. The straight punch is most harmful technique in silat. The point will be rewarded for every successful hit to your opponent. The successful punch will get one point.

Kicking
Kick is an attack motion, which is implemented using a single leg or two legs at the same time (Shapie et al., 2009). The point score for the successful kick is two points. The front kick is the best type of kick because the power of the kick directly delivered to the opponent.

Sweeping
Swiping consists of attacking an opponent’ leg and bring them down to the ground. The sweeping consist of the front sweep and back sweep. The font sweep is swinging the leg to the front to hit the front leg of the opponent while the back sweep is swinging the leg backward to hit the back leg of the opponent (Shapie et al., 2009). The effect of the wrong landing technique from sweeping technique can lead your opponent to injure.

Topple
Topple is attack that carried out by using leg to topple down the opponent. When a silat fight between two silat exponents is even, topple down technique can influence the result of the fight. The point score for the successful topple technique is three points. According to Shapie et al. (2009) fallout will be valid as long as silat exponent dropping his opponent without wrestling or he is able to beat an opponent whom he had brought down.




Statistical Analysis:

The observation generated data will be frequency counted, a method of recording in observational research in which the researcher records each occurrence clearly defined behavior within a certain time frame. All the raw data generated by SPSS for more detailed analysis. Statistical analysis was conducted using Statistical Package for Social Scientists, version 21.0 (SPSS,Chicago, IL).
The statistical analyses that are used in this match are Matched Sample T-test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Matched sample t-test is a statistical technique that is used to compare two population means in the case of two samples that are correlated


STATISTICAL ANALYSIS


1.      Men’s Class A Thailand versus Malaysia
Various Skills and Outcome

Group
N
Mean
Std. Deviation
Std. Error Mean
Score
THA
3
25.3333
15.69501
9.06152
MAS
3
22.6667
11.15049
6.43774

 

 

TABLE 1


HIT TARGET
HIT ELSEWHERE
MISS OPPONENT
TOTAL
THAILAND
13
21
43
77
MALAYSIA
11
27
29
67

2.      Men’s Class B Malaysia Versus Thailand

Various Skills and Outcome

Group
N
Mean
Std. Deviation
Std. Error Mean
Score
MAS
3
32.3333
7.09460
4.09607
THAI
3
35.0000
23.64318
13.65040

TABLE 2


HIT TARGET
HIT ELSEWHERE
MISS OPPONENT
TOTAL
MALAYSIA
36
29
30
95
THAILAND
58
32
13
103

3.      Men’s Class C Thailand Versus Vietnam
Various Skills and Outcome

Group
N
Mean
Std. Deviation
Std. Error Mean
Score
THAI
3
16.3333
15.37314
8.87568
VIET
3
15.3333
4.16333
2.40370

TABLE 3


HIT TARGET
HIT ELSEWHERE
MISS OPPONENT
TOTAL
THAILAND
29
10
5
44
VIETNAM
9
21
10
40

4.      Men’s Class D Thailand Versus Indonesia
Various Skill and Outcome

Group
N
Mean
Std. Deviation
Std. Error Mean
Score
THAI
3
19.6667
16.56301
9.56266
INDO
3
20.6667
4.61880
2.66667

 

TABLE 4


HIT TARGET
HIT ELSEWHERE
MISS OPPONENT
TOTAL
THAILAND
40
5
17
62
INDONESIA
27
20
18
65

Result


Table 1:  Notation:
HTW
HTL
HEW
HEL
MOW
MOL
1
9
7
11
9
8
5
7
5
6
3
14
4
6
7
9
4
4
5
9
6
4
0
12
0
2
16
3
4
11
2
5
3
5
3
5
10
5
27
8
3
20
12
3
3
4
2
8
0
5
0
3
2
3
4
2
0
3
2
2
3
4
3
1
4
4
1
10
10
3
0
5

Table 2: Paired T-TEST
INDICATOR
Mean±SD
INTRACLASS  CORRELATION COEFFICIENT
ASYMP. SIG. (2-TAILED)
HTW
7.08±3.502
0.958
0.105
HTL
5.83±3.129
0.958
0.105
HEW*
4.92±4.400
0.970
0.022
HEL*
8.75±7.712
0.970
0.022


KEYWORDS:
Short-forms
Meanings
HTW
hit target winner
HTL
 hit target loser
HEW
 hit elsewhere winner
HEL
 hit elsewhere loser
MOW
 missing opponent winner
MOL
 missing opponent loser


HYPOTHESIS:
Ho: There is no significant difference in hit elsewhere between winners and losers in male categories of silat olahraga
Ha: There is a difference in hit elsewhere between winners and losers in male categories of silat olahraga.


Discussions:

The article in How to Win A Silat Olahraga Match by Shapie (2010) stated that even thought, the scientific research shows that the percentage of successful punching technique is higher than kicking technique, the point scores for every successful kick is two points. Thus, the combination of successful blocking and kicking technique will reward the pesilat 'one plus two point' or three points. This is critical if the pesilat only rely on kicking technique. The pesilat need to combine both of the defensive and attacking techniques to win a silat game.
A journal written by Shapie (2010) stated that the point scores for every successful kick were two points in Silat Olahraga matches. Based on table 2, we can identify that hit target by the winners mean and standard deviation was higher compared to kick hit target by the losers. It showed that the winners got more point through successful kick because their kick was hit on target compared to the losers.
Moreover, we can observed that mean and standard deviation of hit elsewhere and  missing opponent by the winners was lower than the hit elsewhere and missing opponent by the losers, it showed that the losers got no point because their hit does not target and they gain no scores point from hit elsewhere and hit missing opponents.
When compared to hit target, hit elsewhere and  missing opponent, the hit elsewhere is more significance compared to other indicators. We can say that during the kicking action in the Silat Olahraga matches, the winners groups have a very fast movement at their lower limb. This fast movement means they try to avoid the kicking from the opponent. However, it still hit at every part of the body but no point was given. Besides, we might say that the losers groups were tired at their lower limb. This is due by the neuromuscular activity between the brain and the lower limb became slow or fatigue. So, the kicking from the losers group was different from the winners group.

Conclusion:
In a conclusion, the kick techniques are the basic technique need to be mastered too in order to win the Silat Olahraga matches. The pesilat need to develop the kicking technique to hit the right target to beat the opponent. The front-kick is the best kick because the power of the kick is directly delivered directly and indirectly to the opponent. Moreover, maybe the pesilat need to train the catching technique often too. The catching technique can help the pesilat to score more points if the opponent, it can give a point to pesilat and is new to the sport. Many new exponents like to kick rather punching. So, the ability to catch followed by topple down technique will give the pesilat three points in the match. So the chance to win the matches is high.

Recommendation:
Based on Martial Art Training – 3 Insider Secrets on How to Kick Fast in Silat article by Pusat Cemerlang Silat,There are numerous reasons why individuals need to kick quickly in martial art training. One reason is to hit the rival proficiently with a specific end goal to win focuses in silat olahraga match. Numerous top silat exponents did not tell others on how they managed to kick fast in silat. However, numerous trust that in order to kick quickly the pesilat require a decent flexibility. There are three recommendations in order to improve the kicking technique in silat olahraga matches. Firstly, the warm arm-up and stretching sessions ought to be between 30 – 45 minutes. Keeping in mind the end goal to set up your legs with overwhelming exercises amid the silat preparing, you have to warm up both of your legs legitimately. Regularly, the warm up session start after the bunga silat preparing. However, it is better for you to begin the warm up session prior even before the coach arrives. Next, kick quicker not harder. On the off chance that you are the apprentice, you have to prepare how to kick accurately first. At that point you have to prepare on the most proficient method to kick quicker by twofold the measure of kicks for each kicking session. You additionally can utilize stopwatch to include the quantity of kicks 10, 20 or even 30 seconds. Lastly, double the kick training on weaker leg. No questions that numerous silat examples like to depend on their more grounded leg. In any case, try not to be one of the measurements. You have to rehearse both legs keeping in mind the end goal to be a fruitful silat type. It is difficult however it is conceivable. What you need is only a basic recipe. You have to twofold the measure of kicks for the weaker leg. This implies for each 20 kicks with your prevailing leg, you have to kick 40 times with your weaker leg. This equation helps numerous silat types to have the capacity to enhance their weaker leg speed and power.

Links







References:


Martial Art Training – 3 Insider Secrets on How to Kick Fast in Silat. (2012).

Paired Sample T-Test. (2016). Retrieved June 11, 2016, from

Shapie, M.N.M., Oliver, J. ,O’Donoghue, P. and Tong, R. (2013).
Activity Profile During Action Time in National Silat Competition. Journal of Combat Sports and Martial Arts, 4, 81-86.

Shapie, N. (2010). How to Win ASilatOlahraga Match.

Shapie, N. (2010). How to Win ASilatOlahraga Match.

Singapore, S. (2015).PencakSilatTanding Category Malaysia vs Thailand (Day 6) 28th SEA Games
Singapore 2015. Retrieved June 08, 2016,fromhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6eruVei7Pdg

Singapore, S. (2015).PencakSilatTanding Category Indonesia vs Singapore (Day 6) 28th SEA Games

Singapore, S. (2015).PencakSilat Men's Tanding Class D Thailand vs Singapore (Day 7)28th SEA


Singapore, S. (2015).PencakSilatTanding Men's Class D Semi-Final THAI vs INA(Day 8) |28th SEA


Singapore, S. (2015).PencakSilat Men's Tanding Class A Semi-Final PHI vs INA (Day 8) 28th SEA

Singapore, S. (2015).PencakSilatTanding Men's Class H Semi-Final SIN vs MAS(Day 8) 28th SEA

Singapore, S.(2015).PencakSilatTanding Men's Class D Final MAS vs THA (Day 9) 28th SEA Games
Singapore 2015. Retrieved May 26, 2016, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=euphyjgyOD4

Singapore, S.(2015). PencakSilatTanding Men's Class C Final VIE vs THA (Day 9)  28th SEA Games

Singapore, S.(2015). PencakSilatTanding Men's Class H Final INA vs MAS (Day 9) 28th SEA Games

Singapore, S.(2015). PencakSilatTanding Men's Class E Final VIE vs MAS (Day 9) 28th SEA Games

Singapore, S.(2015). PencakSilatTanding Men's Class A Final INA vs VIE (Day 9) 28th SEA Games

Singapore, S.(2015). PencakSilatTanding Men's Class F Final SIN vs VIE (Day 9) 28th SEA Games
Singapore 2015, Retrieved May 26, 2016, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BK7N8bb1NGg












Appendix:













DATASET ACTIVATE DataSet2.
EXAMINE VARIABLES=HT1W HT1L HE1W HE1L MO1W MO1L
  /PLOT HISTOGRAM NPPLOT
  /STATISTICS DESCRIPTIVES
  /CINTERVAL 95
  /MISSING LISTWISE
  /NOTOTAL.



Tests of Normality

Kolmogorov-Smirnova
Shapiro-Wilk
Statistic
df
Sig.
Statistic
df
Sig.
HT1W
.125
12
.200*
.986
12
.998
HT1L
.196
12
.200*
.947
12
.591
HE1W
.326
12
.001
.792
12
.008
HE1L
.205
12
.173
.810
12
.012
MO1W
.208
12
.159
.912
12
.224
MO1L
.250
12
.037
.853
12
.040
*. This is a lower bound of the true significance.
a. Lilliefors Significance Correction





























T-TEST PAIRS=HT1W HE1W WITH HT1L HE1L (PAIRED)
  /CRITERIA=CI(.9500)
  /MISSING=ANALYSIS.



Paired Samples Statistics

Mean
N
Std. Deviation
Std. Error Mean
Pair 1
HT1W
7.08
12
3.502
1.011
HT1L
5.83
12
3.129
.903
Pair 2
HE1W
4.92
12
4.400
1.270
HE1L
8.75
12
7.712
2.226


Paired Samples Correlations

N
Correlation
Sig.
Pair 1
HT1W & HT1L
12
.732
.007
Pair 2
HE1W & HE1L
12
.792
.002


Paired Samples Test

Paired Differences
t
df
Sig. (2-tailed)
Mean
Std. Deviation
Std. Error Mean
95% Confidence Interval of the Difference
Lower
Upper
Pair 1
HT1W - HT1L
1.250
2.454
.708
-.309
2.809
1.764
11
.105
Pair 2
HE1W - HE1L
-3.833
5.006
1.445
-7.014
-.653
-2.653
11
.022


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