The Relationship Between Winning and Losing in Silat 28th Sea Games Singapore ( Thailand Men`s team class A,B,C and D)
Shapie, M. N. M (1,2) & Mohd kamil, M. I. H. (1)
1.Fakulti Sains Sukan dan Rekreasi, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor.
Abstract:
From the beginning, the objective of this
study is to compare the differences between winner and loser in kick
specifically to kick hit target which are one of indicator in silat olahraga.
The methods used are by download the match video from the youtube. These
matches consist of final and semifinal match that include the performers from
many range of weight categories. These videos will be notating by using the
hand notational (frequency). The indicators that being used are punch, kick,
topple, sweep, and block. All the indicators will be notated based on hit on
target, hit elsewhere and missing opponents.
Next,
the statistical analysis that are used in this match are Wilcoxon signed-rank
test and Matched Sample T-test. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test is a
non-parametric statistical hypothesis test used when comparing two related
samples, matched samples, or repeated measurements on a single sample to assess
whether their populations mean ranks differ. Matched sample t-test is a statistical
technique that is used to compare two population means in the case of two
samples that are correlated. Matched
sample t-test is used in ‘before-after’ studies, or when the samples are the
matched pairs, or when it is a case-control study.
Introduction:
Silat
Melayu is a martial art that's inherited by Malay's in Malaysia written by
Shapie (2010). It is initially from the big empire such as Kedah Tua and
Melacca. However, in this modern era the word Silat Melayu is common with a
silat competition that's held every year in Malaysia. Silat Melayu competition is similar with Silat
Olahraga scoring system. The differences are on the scoring marks and the
artistic performance scores. However, most of the principles of the game
emphasize more on silat skills. Any hard strikes will results on deduction of
points.
Many
people thought that this silat sport requires a fighter with 'born to be a
fighter' quality in order to win a silat match. In one point it is true.
However, it is not always right. This is because silat olahraga is a
point-based system sport that not only requires you to be good a fighter, but
also needs the pesilat to master the fighting tactics during the match. Many so
called 'born to be a fighter' exponents fail in early silat competition due to
the stupidity to read a game. They tend to use all the self-defense moves and
skills to show how good they are in silat. But, the true is, silat olahraga is
a very simple and easy sport. The pesilat only need to master three simple techniques
to win a game such as punching, kicking and topple down (Shapie, 2010).
In
this study, the hit motion will be analyzed specifically to the hit target, hit
elsewhere and hit missing opponent. According to Shapie(2010) stated that the
scientific research shows that even though the percentage of successful
punching technique is higher than kicking technique, the point scores for every
successful kick is two points.
So, the combination of successful blocking and
kicking technique will reward the pesilat 'one plus two point' or three points.
This is important if the pesilat only depends on kicking technique. The pesilat
need to combine both of the defensive and attacking techniques to win a silat
game.
Shapie,
Oliver,O’Donoghue and Tong (2013)
defined kick is an attacking movement which is performed with one leg or two
legs simultaneously. A kick can be aimed at any target. It can be front kick ‘
tending depan’, side-kick ‘depak’ or semi-circular side kick ‘tendang lengkar’.
Materials and Methods:
The 4 videos of silat olahraga matches were
downloaded from the youtube. These matches consists of semifinal and final that
include the pesilat from Thailand which different range of weight categories.
There are many indicators that can be identified such as punch, kick, topple,
sweep, and block. It will be notated based on hit on target, hit elsewhere and
missing opponents. The video media player was used to play the video due to the
ability of this player to decrease rate of video time in order to notate the
indicator more accurately. Shapie, Oliver, O'Donoghue and Tong (2013) stated
that sometimes, if necessary, the video will be repeated to get the accurate
analyze.Then, all the raw data generated by SPSS for more detailed analysis.
Statistical analysis was conducted using Statistical Package for Social
Scientists, version 21.0 (SPSS,Chicago, IL).
The indicators:
Silat indicators were divided into 4 different types of categories and were
define as follows:
Punching
The punch is attack is done by hand with a closed
fist hitting the target (Shapie, Oliver, O'Donoghue, & Tong, 2009). There are two type of punch in the silat,
which is straight punch and uppercut punch. The straight punch is most
harmful technique in silat. The point will be rewarded for every successful
hit to your opponent. The successful punch will get one point.
|
Kicking
Kick is an attack motion, which is implemented
using a single leg or two legs at the same time (Shapie et al., 2009). The point score for the successful kick
is two points. The front kick is the best type of kick because the power of
the kick directly delivered to the opponent.
|
Sweeping
Swiping
consists of attacking an opponent’ leg and bring them down to the ground. The
sweeping consist of the front sweep and back sweep. The font sweep is swinging
the leg to the front to hit the front leg of the opponent while the back
sweep is swinging the leg backward to hit the back leg of the opponent (Shapie et al.,
2009). The effect of
the wrong landing technique from sweeping technique can lead your opponent to
injure.
|
Topple
Topple
is attack that carried out by using leg to topple down the opponent. When a
silat fight between two silat exponents is even, topple down technique can
influence the result of the fight. The point score for the successful topple
technique is three points. According to Shapie et al.
(2009) fallout will be
valid as long as silat exponent dropping his opponent without wrestling or he
is able to beat an opponent whom he had brought down.
|
Statistical
Analysis:
The
observation generated data will be frequency counted, a method of recording in
observational research in which the researcher records each occurrence clearly
defined behavior within a certain time frame. All the raw data generated by
SPSS for more detailed analysis. Statistical analysis was conducted using
Statistical Package for Social Scientists, version 21.0 (SPSS,Chicago, IL).
The
statistical analyses that are used in this match are Matched Sample T-test and
Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Matched sample t-test is a statistical technique
that is used to compare two population means in the case of two samples that
are correlated
STATISTICAL
ANALYSIS
1.
Men’s
Class A Thailand versus Malaysia
Various Skills and
Outcome
|
|||||
Group
|
N
|
Mean
|
Std.
Deviation
|
Std.
Error Mean
|
|
Score
|
THA
|
3
|
25.3333
|
15.69501
|
9.06152
|
MAS
|
3
|
22.6667
|
11.15049
|
6.43774
|
TABLE 1
HIT TARGET
|
HIT ELSEWHERE
|
MISS OPPONENT
|
TOTAL
|
|
THAILAND
|
13
|
21
|
43
|
77
|
MALAYSIA
|
11
|
27
|
29
|
67
|
2. Men’s
Class B Malaysia Versus Thailand
Various Skills and
Outcome
|
|||||
Group
|
N
|
Mean
|
Std.
Deviation
|
Std.
Error Mean
|
|
Score
|
MAS
|
3
|
32.3333
|
7.09460
|
4.09607
|
THAI
|
3
|
35.0000
|
23.64318
|
13.65040
|
TABLE 2
HIT TARGET
|
HIT ELSEWHERE
|
MISS OPPONENT
|
TOTAL
|
|
MALAYSIA
|
36
|
29
|
30
|
95
|
THAILAND
|
58
|
32
|
13
|
103
|
3. Men’s Class C Thailand Versus Vietnam
Various Skills and
Outcome
|
|||||
Group
|
N
|
Mean
|
Std.
Deviation
|
Std.
Error Mean
|
|
Score
|
THAI
|
3
|
16.3333
|
15.37314
|
8.87568
|
VIET
|
3
|
15.3333
|
4.16333
|
2.40370
|
TABLE 3
HIT TARGET
|
HIT ELSEWHERE
|
MISS OPPONENT
|
TOTAL
|
|
THAILAND
|
29
|
10
|
5
|
44
|
VIETNAM
|
9
|
21
|
10
|
40
|
4. Men’s Class D Thailand Versus Indonesia
Various Skill and
Outcome
|
|||||
Group
|
N
|
Mean
|
Std.
Deviation
|
Std.
Error Mean
|
|
Score
|
THAI
|
3
|
19.6667
|
16.56301
|
9.56266
|
INDO
|
3
|
20.6667
|
4.61880
|
2.66667
|
TABLE 4
HIT TARGET
|
HIT ELSEWHERE
|
MISS OPPONENT
|
TOTAL
|
|
THAILAND
|
40
|
5
|
17
|
62
|
INDONESIA
|
27
|
20
|
18
|
65
|
Result
Table 1: Notation:
HTW
|
HTL
|
HEW
|
HEL
|
MOW
|
MOL
|
1
9
7
11
9
8
5
7
5
6
3
14
|
4
6
7
9
4
4
5
9
6
4
0
12
|
0
2
16
3
4
11
2
5
3
5
3
5
|
10
5
27
8
3
20
12
3
3
4
2
8
|
0
5
0
3
2
3
4
2
0
3
2
2
|
3
4
3
1
4
4
1
10
10
3
0
5
|
Table 2: Paired T-TEST
INDICATOR
|
Mean±SD
|
INTRACLASS CORRELATION COEFFICIENT
|
ASYMP. SIG. (2-TAILED)
|
HTW
|
7.08±3.502
|
0.958
|
0.105
|
HTL
|
5.83±3.129
|
0.958
|
0.105
|
HEW*
|
4.92±4.400
|
0.970
|
0.022
|
HEL*
|
8.75±7.712
|
0.970
|
0.022
|
KEYWORDS:
Short-forms
|
Meanings
|
HTW
|
hit target winner
|
HTL
|
hit
target loser
|
HEW
|
hit
elsewhere winner
|
HEL
|
hit
elsewhere loser
|
MOW
|
missing opponent winner
|
MOL
|
missing opponent loser
|
HYPOTHESIS:
Ho: There is no significant
difference in hit elsewhere between winners and losers in male categories of
silat olahraga
Ha: There is a difference in hit
elsewhere between winners and losers in male categories of silat olahraga.
Discussions:
The
article in How to Win A Silat Olahraga Match by Shapie (2010) stated that even
thought, the scientific research shows that the percentage of successful
punching technique is higher than kicking technique, the point scores for every
successful kick is two points. Thus, the combination of successful blocking and
kicking technique will reward the pesilat 'one plus two point' or three points.
This is critical if the pesilat only rely on kicking technique. The pesilat
need to combine both of the defensive and attacking techniques to win a silat
game.
A
journal written by Shapie (2010) stated that the point scores for every
successful kick were two points in Silat Olahraga matches. Based on table 2, we
can identify that hit target by the winners mean and standard deviation was
higher compared to kick hit target by the losers. It showed that the winners
got more point through successful kick because their kick was hit on target
compared to the losers.
Moreover,
we can observed that mean and standard deviation of hit elsewhere and missing opponent by the winners was lower than
the hit elsewhere and missing opponent by the losers, it showed that the losers
got no point because their hit does not target and they gain no scores point from
hit elsewhere and hit missing opponents.
When
compared to hit target, hit elsewhere and missing opponent, the hit elsewhere is more
significance compared to other indicators. We can say that during the kicking
action in the Silat Olahraga matches, the winners groups have a very fast
movement at their lower limb. This fast movement means they try to avoid the
kicking from the opponent. However, it still hit at every part of the body but
no point was given. Besides, we might say that the losers groups were tired at
their lower limb. This is due by the neuromuscular activity between the brain
and the lower limb became slow or fatigue. So, the kicking from the losers
group was different from the winners group.
Conclusion:
In
a conclusion, the kick techniques are the basic technique need to be mastered
too in order to win the Silat Olahraga matches. The pesilat need to develop the
kicking technique to hit the right target to beat the opponent. The front-kick
is the best kick because the power of the kick is directly delivered directly
and indirectly to the opponent. Moreover, maybe the pesilat need to train the
catching technique often too. The catching technique can help the pesilat to
score more points if the opponent, it can give a point to pesilat and is new to
the sport. Many new exponents like to kick rather punching. So, the ability to
catch followed by topple down technique will give the pesilat three points in
the match. So the chance to win the matches is high.
Recommendation:
Based
on Martial Art Training – 3 Insider Secrets on How to Kick Fast in Silat
article by Pusat Cemerlang Silat,There are numerous reasons why individuals
need to kick quickly in martial art training. One reason is to hit the rival
proficiently with a specific end goal to win focuses in silat olahraga match.
Numerous top silat exponents did not tell others on how they managed to kick
fast in silat. However, numerous trust that in order to kick quickly the pesilat
require a decent flexibility. There are three recommendations in order to
improve the kicking technique in silat olahraga matches. Firstly, the warm
arm-up and stretching sessions ought to be between 30 – 45 minutes. Keeping in
mind the end goal to set up your legs with overwhelming exercises amid the
silat preparing, you have to warm up both of your legs legitimately. Regularly,
the warm up session start after the bunga silat preparing. However, it is
better for you to begin the warm up session prior even before the coach
arrives. Next, kick quicker not harder. On the off chance that you are the
apprentice, you have to prepare how to kick accurately first. At that point you
have to prepare on the most proficient method to kick quicker by twofold the
measure of kicks for each kicking session. You additionally can utilize
stopwatch to include the quantity of kicks 10, 20 or even 30 seconds. Lastly, double
the kick training on weaker leg. No questions that numerous silat examples like
to depend on their more grounded leg. In any case, try not to be one of the measurements.
You have to rehearse both legs keeping in mind the end goal to be a fruitful
silat type. It is difficult however it is conceivable. What you need is only a
basic recipe. You have to twofold the measure of kicks for the weaker leg. This
implies for each 20 kicks with your prevailing leg, you have to kick 40 times
with your weaker leg. This equation helps numerous silat types to have the
capacity to enhance their weaker leg speed and power.
Links
Links
References:
Martial Art Training – 3 Insider Secrets on How to Kick Fast
in Silat. (2012).
Retrieved
June 12, 2016, from http://pusatcemerlangsilat.com/silat-article/martial-art-training-3-insider-secrets-on-how-to-kick-fast-in-silat/
Paired Sample T-Test. (2016).
Retrieved June 11, 2016, from
Shapie, M.N.M., Oliver, J.
,O’Donoghue, P. and Tong, R. (2013).
Activity
Profile During Action Time in National Silat Competition. Journal of Combat
Sports and Martial Arts, 4, 81-86.
Shapie, N. (2010). How to Win
ASilatOlahraga Match.
Shapie, N. (2010). How to Win
ASilatOlahraga Match.
Singapore, S.
(2015).PencakSilatTanding Category Malaysia vs Thailand (Day 6) 28th SEA Games
Singapore, S.
(2015).PencakSilatTanding Category Indonesia vs Singapore (Day 6) 28th SEA
Games
Singapore
2015. Retrieved May 26, 2016, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VdKHSsMioug&index=39&list=PLqAmVfhsW7xNxMAyka2XKKbmUHvAPLqv2
Singapore, S. (2015).PencakSilat
Men's Tanding Class D Thailand vs Singapore (Day 7)28th SEA
Games
Singapore 2015|. Retrieved May 26, 2016, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vldr09vSTs8&list=PLqAmVfhsW7xNxMAyka2XKKbmUHvAPLqv2&index=34
Singapore, S.
(2015).PencakSilatTanding Men's Class D Semi-Final THAI vs INA(Day 8) |28th SEA
Games
Singapore 2015|. Retrieved May 26, 2016, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=38l1L7K_Bf0&index=24&list=PLqAmVfhsW7xNxMAyka2XKKbmUHvAPLqv2
Singapore, S. (2015).PencakSilat
Men's Tanding Class A Semi-Final PHI vs INA (Day 8) 28th SEA
Games
Singapore 2015. Retrieved May 26, 2016, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s5JphsM7YiU&list=PLqAmVfhsW7xNxMAyka2XKKbmUHvAPLqv2&index=30
Singapore, S. (2015).PencakSilatTanding
Men's Class H Semi-Final SIN vs MAS(Day 8) 28th SEA
Games
Singapore 2015. Retrieved May 26, 2016, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AuT-n5UpMjE&index=25&list=PLqAmVfhsW7xNxMAyka2XKKbmUHvAPLqv2
Singapore,
S.(2015).PencakSilatTanding Men's Class D Final MAS vs THA (Day 9) 28th SEA
Games
Singapore, S.(2015).
PencakSilatTanding Men's Class C Final VIE vs THA (Day 9) 28th SEA Games
Singapore
2015, Retrieved May 26, 2016, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L-mBeT3D87Y&index=18&list=PLqAmVfhsW7xNxMAyka2XKKbmUHvAPLqv2
Singapore, S.(2015).
PencakSilatTanding Men's Class H Final INA vs MAS (Day 9) 28th SEA Games
Singapore
2015, Retrieved May 26, 2016, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ltwEbsqToY0&index=5&list=PLqAmVfhsW7xNxMAyka2XKKbmUHvAPLqv2
Singapore, S.(2015). PencakSilatTanding
Men's Class E Final VIE vs MAS (Day 9) 28th SEA Games
Singapore
2015, Retrieved May 26, 2016, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aGK1CSVk0qs&list=PLqAmVfhsW7xNxMAyka2XKKbmUHvAPLqv2&index=7
Singapore, S.(2015).
PencakSilatTanding Men's Class A Final INA vs VIE (Day 9) 28th SEA Games
Singapore
2015, Retrieved May 26, 2016, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TogWi7jsKcU&list=PLqAmVfhsW7xNxMAyka2XKKbmUHvAPLqv2&index=22
Singapore, S.(2015).
PencakSilatTanding Men's Class F Final SIN vs VIE (Day 9) 28th SEA Games
Appendix:
DATASET ACTIVATE DataSet2.
EXAMINE VARIABLES=HT1W HT1L HE1W
HE1L MO1W MO1L
/PLOT HISTOGRAM NPPLOT
/STATISTICS DESCRIPTIVES
/CINTERVAL 95
/MISSING LISTWISE
/NOTOTAL.
Tests of
Normality
|
||||||
Kolmogorov-Smirnova
|
Shapiro-Wilk
|
|||||
Statistic
|
df
|
Sig.
|
Statistic
|
df
|
Sig.
|
|
HT1W
|
.125
|
12
|
.200*
|
.986
|
12
|
.998
|
HT1L
|
.196
|
12
|
.200*
|
.947
|
12
|
.591
|
HE1W
|
.326
|
12
|
.001
|
.792
|
12
|
.008
|
HE1L
|
.205
|
12
|
.173
|
.810
|
12
|
.012
|
MO1W
|
.208
|
12
|
.159
|
.912
|
12
|
.224
|
MO1L
|
.250
|
12
|
.037
|
.853
|
12
|
.040
|
*. This is a lower bound of the true significance.
|
||||||
a. Lilliefors Significance Correction
|
T-TEST PAIRS=HT1W HE1W WITH HT1L HE1L
(PAIRED)
/CRITERIA=CI(.9500)
/MISSING=ANALYSIS.
Paired
Samples Statistics
|
|||||
Mean
|
N
|
Std.
Deviation
|
Std. Error
Mean
|
||
Pair 1
|
HT1W
|
7.08
|
12
|
3.502
|
1.011
|
HT1L
|
5.83
|
12
|
3.129
|
.903
|
|
Pair 2
|
HE1W
|
4.92
|
12
|
4.400
|
1.270
|
HE1L
|
8.75
|
12
|
7.712
|
2.226
|
Paired
Samples Correlations
|
||||
N
|
Correlation
|
Sig.
|
||
Pair 1
|
HT1W & HT1L
|
12
|
.732
|
.007
|
Pair 2
|
HE1W & HE1L
|
12
|
.792
|
.002
|
Paired
Samples Test
|
|||||||||
Paired
Differences
|
t
|
df
|
Sig.
(2-tailed)
|
||||||
Mean
|
Std.
Deviation
|
Std. Error
Mean
|
95%
Confidence Interval of the Difference
|
||||||
Lower
|
Upper
|
||||||||
Pair 1
|
HT1W - HT1L
|
1.250
|
2.454
|
.708
|
-.309
|
2.809
|
1.764
|
11
|
.105
|
Pair 2
|
HE1W - HE1L
|
-3.833
|
5.006
|
1.445
|
-7.014
|
-.653
|
-2.653
|
11
|
.022
|
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